Combination of Rhizobium and Biochar with Iron Fertilizers Boosted Glyphosate-Contaminated Maize Growth
Keywords:
Nutrient’s deficiency, Mineral fertilizers, Rhizobium, Biochar, YieldAbstract
The broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate is used globally to kill agricultural weeds. Since the 1970s, Reduced crop productivity due to a lack of nutrients and synthetic fertilisers drove up production costs and prompted researchers to look for new ways to boost crop yields and quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of iron supplements with organic fertilisers in maintaining maize (Zea maize L.) yields in the face of glyphosate contamination. For this purpose, 24 different pots were selected according to treatment detail and placed them by following completely randomized design (CRD). The chosen pots were treated with 25 g of biochar and 50 ppm of rhizobium before being planted. Iron sulphate was then injected, at a rate of 2.5 tonnes per hectare. The results demonstrated that the agronomic and physiological features of maize were greatly improved by the addition of biochar and rhizobium with iron fertilisers, both individually and in combination with glyphosate. In contrast to the control treatment which was contaminated with glyphosate, the combination of iron fertilizer, rhizobium, and biochar resulted in a significant improvement of 69.8% in root length, 46.9% in shoot length, 65.0% in root fresh weight, 52.2% in shoot fresh weight, and 45.5% in shoot dry weight in maize plants. In glyphosate-contaminated soil, their combined application resulted in increases of 42.8%, 24.5%, 41.6%, 23.9%, and 46.4% in chlorophyll contents, quantum yield, photosynthetically active radiation, fluorescence yield, and electron transport reaction, respectively, compared to the control. The biochemical composition may also be enhanced in contrast to the control with the co-addition of iron fertilisers with rhizobium and biochar. Based on the findings presented here, it appears that iron fertilisers applied in conjunction with rhizobium and biochar can improve soil properties and promote the growth, yield, and quality of maize plants.
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